First, it’s important to clarify a fundamental concept for the public: in discussions about electromagnetic environments and public health, the terms “electric field” and “magnetic field”—not “electromagnetic radiation”—are the correct ways to describe the effects of transformers and other power transmission facilities.
Why “Electromagnetic Radiation” Is a Misnomer
“Electromagnetic radiation” is a specialized term used in radio communications and electromagnetic compatibility engineering. It refers to energy emitted as electromagnetic waves from a source into space. However, applying this term to power transmission facilities is inappropriate because these systems are designed for energy transfer—not electromagnetic wave propagation. The correct terms for the phenomena around transmission equipment are “electric field,” “magnetic field,” or collectively, “electromagnetic field.”
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Why Power Transmission Facilities Do Not Emit Significant Electromagnetic Radiation
The electromagnetic fields generated by AC power transmission operate at extremely low frequencies (50 Hz), with wavelengths reaching 6,000 km. Since transmission lines are far shorter than these wavelengths, they cannot effectively produce electromagnetic radiation. Key distinctions include:
– Power frequency electric and magnetic fields (50 Hz) are independent and static, unlike high-frequency electromagnetic fields where electric and magnetic components alternate to propagate energy.
– Authoritative bodies like the WHO, NIEHS, and ICNIRP strictly classify these phenomena as “power frequency electric/magnetic fields” (below 100 kHz) or “EMF” (electric and magnetic fields), avoiding the term “electromagnetic radiation.”
The Importance of Precise Terminology
The inaccurate use of “electromagnetic radiation” in some domestic publications has contributed to public misunderstanding and undue concern. Globally recognized institutions emphasize scientifically precise language—a critical step in ensuring accurate risk communication and policy-making.
